Twila Van Leer

More Young Adults Live With Parents

June 11, 2016 By Twila Van Leer

More millennials are choosing to still live with their parents. — More millennials are choosing to continue living with their parents.

For the past century and more, young adults were prone to leave the nest and set up housekeeping for themselves. Now, they are more likely to be residents in the family home, either as singles or with a spouse, according to the Pew Research Center.

Young Adults Waiting To Get Married

The phenomenon, statistically changing the 130-year trend, is as result primarily of young people who delay marriage until into their 30s, the Pew study concluded. In 2014, the percentage of young adults living in their parent’s home was 32.1. It is the largest percentage since 1940, when some 40 percent were living at home.

Young Adults With Less Education

Choosing a spouse or living partner is the most likely condition to prompt living with a parent when the young couple is not prepared financially to be independent. Status of education is also an important factor. Young people with less education may be more likely to remain at home, the study found. The statistical breakdown showed that in 2014, 19 percent of young adults with a bachelor’s degree were living at home; 36 percent of those who had some college but not a degree; and 40 percent of those who had failed to complete high school.

Since 1980, the level of education has been more telling, with college education being a definite benefit in the job market and more of those without a high school diploma dropping into less well-paying jobs.

The trend not to marry as early has had a definite effect, a Gallup Poll shows. In a survey, 60 percent of Millennials said they had never married, compared with 16 percent of Generation Xers and 10 percent of Baby Boomers. The increasing trend for women to succeed in the job market, while more males are floundering is one of the reasons, experts say. The Great Recession had a greater impact for men than for women.

Attitudes also have been in play. Marriage formerly was considered a step to help young couples to reach employment and financial goals. Now, marriage is seen to be the final step to reaching such goals, the researchers report. They delay commitment to marriage until they feel their education and career goals are stable.

The rising costs of education, with a larger percentage of young adults saddled with overwhelming education debt, also enters into the equation. Expectations for “living high” in marriage, which most of their parents did not harbor, have an effect on marriage decisions as well.

Unemployment

Relatively high unemployment rates over the past decade also have been a factor. The number of young men who are unemployed and living at home far outstrips the number who are employed and living independently.

The effect on the parental household of having young adults still in residence is the flip side of the new trends, with some parents delaying retirement and other decisions to accommodate the extra persons they are helping to support.

Watch For Fraud At The ATM

June 11, 2016 By Twila Van Leer

Fraudsters take $650 from each person they successfully skim.

You’d think, wouldn’t you, that you could transact business at an ATM without worrying about fraud. But the crooks are always on the alert, according to an article in the June AARP Bulletin.

Thieves Focusing On ATMs

In fact, automated teller machines have become a focus for some of those determined to benefit at your cost. The introduction of chip-enabled credit and debit cards has made it tougher for thieves to steal your information at the cash register, so they have turned more attention to the ATMs, experts warn.

Increase In Compromised ATMS

FICO Card Alert Service keeps tabs on three in five debit cards used in the U.S. and they have reported a 500-plus percent increase in the number of ATMs compromised by thieves since 2014. The proliferation of inexpensive skimming technology has been used by fraudsters to fuel the increase.

Card-Reading Devices

On average, fraudsters take $650 from each person they successfully skim, according to the ATM Industry Association. They do it by illegally installing card-reading devices at ATMs, gas pumps and other debit-processing machines located in public places. When you insert your card, their device “skims” the pertinent data from the magnetic strip. A nearby hidden camera records your PIN number. The information is then used to make duplicate cards or sold on the black market.

Skimming Technology Constantly Upgraded

The skimming technology is constantly being upgraded, giving the crooks the advantage, the article reports. Banks can’t react fast enough to stay ahead of such tricks as the “shimmers” that crooks implant inside ATM slots to read your card, or the Bluetooth processes they use to transmit your stolen data to other bad guys.

What to do?

Go inside the bank. They aren’t perfectly immune to fraud, but better than the ATM and are usually protected by cameras. The most susceptible ATMS are at convenience stores and other non-bank locations.
Inspect ATM before using it. Be wary of those with card slots that are different colors than the rest of the machine. If there is unusual-looking equipment on the slot, keypad or overhead, avoid using it. If it is difficult to insert your card, stop the transaction. Newer ATMs have a flashing or steady light at the card slot. If it is obscured, don’t use it.
Put your hand over the keypad when punching PIN numbers.
Keep close tabs on cards. Most banks offer real-time alerts via text message or email if there are suspicious transactions.
Create a separate account, smaller than normal and use it only for debit card transactions. That will cut your losses if you are illegally skimmed.
Lower the limit on daily ATM withdrawals to a reasonable amount, say $100 per day so a crook cannot make multiple withdrawals within a short time.

When To Begin Social Security

June 9, 2016 By Twila Van Leer

Social security main source of income for retirees.

A growing number of Americans are starting to withdraw Social Security benefits before reaching full retirement age, according to a research poll conducted by Associated Press and the NORC Center for Public Affairs and reported by the AP.

Forty-four percent of those polled said they will look to Social Security for their main means of financial support after retirement and they will start collecting before they reach 65 or 66, the benchmark for receiving full benefits.

Benefits Reduced If Collect Early

Social Security regulations allow retirees who were born in the period from 1943 and 1954 to begin collecting as early as 62 years of age, but the benefit is reduced by up to 30 percent. That can have a significant effect on the long-term benefit.

Retirees who wait until they over 66 years of age see considerable increases in their monthly benefit, according to experts at the AARP Public Policy Institute. For each additional year past 66, the amount of retirement pay rises by 8 percent. The benefits top out at age 70, at which time the retiree is receiving the maximum amount.

Individual Circumstances Affect Retirement Decisions

But many Americans can’t or don’t want to wait that long to begin collecting, depending on their individual circumstances. Health and other considerations may weigh heavily in decisions to retire. Some people who lose their employment while approaching retirement are not able to get another job and early withdrawal of Social Security funds is a necessary option.

Social Security Main Source Of Income

Social Security is becoming more and more the main source of anticipated income for the retirement crowd. Fewer companies are offering standard retirement plans, opting to offer employees 401(k) and other plans to provide for their old age years. Only 43 percent of those polled said they are expecting a traditional pension.

Supplementing Social Security

Some workers, about 50 percent, reported that they also have other padding, such as a regular savings or IRA account, but some Social Security is by far the most commonly anticipated source, the survey found. Some 86 percent of those polled said they expect Social Security to contribute to their retirement income.

Retirement Age Rising

The average retirement age has been rising, as more Americans, particularly women, see the necessity for working longer to make retirement affordable. The average age for males is 64, and 62 for females. Compared with other countries, the American retirement ages still are relatively young.

Many factors enter into the retirement decision, including life expectancy data that show there are differences between rich and poor and among ethnic groups.

Questions about the solvency of the country’s most–drawn on retirement finance source have been a troubling aspect of the issue for some time. Since 1984, the program’s trust fund has run a surplus, but that is expected to end by around 2020 when the Baby Boomer generation hits the retirement ranks. The Social Security Administration believes interest income from the fund should be able to handle the increase until 2034, but at that point, the possibility of shrinkage in benefits could become a reality unless the issues are addressed. The matter is part of the current presidential debates taking place before the November elections. Democratic front-runner Hillary Clinton sees a need for expansion of the program, while likely Republican candidate Donald Trump has declared it should not be changed.

You Write The Check and Then What?

June 7, 2016 By Twila Van Leer

Checks are electronically scanned as part of the process.

Americans are writing fewer checks than ever as more of them handle their money matters electronically. Even so, some 18.3 billion checks were processed in a single year in 2012. Many people still feel checks give them more control over their personal finances.

Ever wonder what happens to a check after you pass it on to a merchant, family member, utility or whatever?

What happens depends to a large extent on who receives it, with different routes if it is handed to an individual vs. a business. Though some businesses and individuals still deposit checks with a financial institution in person, most are processed electronically, economic experts report.

Electronically Processed Through Scanning Devices

The checks are fed through a scanning device that takes pictures front and back. The image, along with metadata and account number, is then forwarded to the paying bank. Today’s scanners are designed with optical character recognition that reads the information on the bottom of the check and the handwritten or printed amount of the payment. Even small scanners can process about 45 checks per minute. Larger ones handle hundreds or even thousands in the same time frame.

For such a small piece of paper, a check contains a significant amount of information, at least nine pieces of data in most cases. They include the date on which it is written, the recipient, the amount of payment in both figures and words, a memo to specify what it is intended for, which is optional, your signature, the routing number, checking account number and the number of this single check.

The line of information at the bottom of the check includes numbers and symbols that give the bank routing and transit numbers, the customer account information and individual check numbers. In the business, it is known as the MICR line, an acronym for “magnetic ink character readable.”

Smart Phone Apps

Many smartphones have apps that can turn a paper check into an electronic image. They take pictures, via the phone camera, front and back of the check, and transmit the pictures to the bank when the check is deposited.

When a bank receives the image, the check can be processed or cleared, through the Federal Reserve Bank’s national clearinghouse, a regional clearinghouse or a direct connection between two financial institutions.

The number of checks processed in this manner has increased significantly. In 2006, 43 percent of them were scanned and electronically handled. By 2012, the figure was almost 100 percent.

What If You Lack Sufficient Funds To Back The Check?

It will be processed, again electronically, and returned to the back on which it was written. More than 127 million “bouncers” were returned to the bank of origin in 2006. Again, by 2012, the number had fallen by almost half, with just 66.4 million returned unpaid.

Although electronic banking will likely continue to make inroads into check transactions, it’s still a great way to handle your money affairs.

Living Wage Laws Difficult To Enforce

May 28, 2016 By Twila Van Leer

For the cities that endorse the Living Wage Law, ensuring compliance is difficult.

A number of cities have bowed to pressure from labor advocates and enacted “living wage” laws, some of them phasing in plans that will top out at $15 per hour.

A living wage is the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs. It was designed to fight poverty, but the ripple effects that come after cities actually adopt the Living Wage Laws are numerous.

Ensuring that employers actually follow the new guidelines is difficult. State and federal laws don’t require employers to provide data proving that they are in compliance, oversight agencies say. The data is most often contained in payment check stubs, but employers are not required to share the information.

Cities That Use Living Wage Laws

Among cities that have adopted the wage increases are Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico, San Francisco, California, and Washington D.C. The issue is on the agendas of many state legislatures and city governments as the press for better wages heats up.

Complaints

Enforcers generally rely on worker complaints to initiate actions against employers who do not conform, but the employees are reluctant to complain for fear of reprisals, so many instances of non-compliance go unnoticed. Labor groups estimate that a quarter of the country’s workers who fall under the guidelines are not receiving the legislated wages. But if one employee complains, enforcers use it as leverage to investigate pay records for all of the business’ employees on the supposition that the problem affects more than the single complainant.

Recommendations For Enforcement

Haeyoung Yoon of the National Employment Law Project calls the problem “pervasive and rampant” in an Associated Press news article. The project recommends higher fines against non-compliant employers and more stringent enforcement. The costs of enforcement are high, but could be recouped through fines, she said.

Some employers don’t understand the new laws, but others sidestep the provisions by requiring workers to work unpaid or off the clock to make up the difference. Others raise the wage, but cut the benefits.

Law Suits

Hospitality and transportation workers serving in SeaTac, Washington are granted the Living Wage Law. This community however needed courts to enforce compliance and have filed more than a dozen class-action suits this year in behalf of workers. The total amount of contested wages, related benefits and possible penalties could add up to $62.5 million.